In Laravel, the MVC (Model-View-Controller) architectural pattern is a fundamental concept that helps developers organize their code and separate concerns in web applications. Here’s a breakdown of how MVC is implemented in Laravel:
- Model: The model represents the data and business logic of the application. It interacts with the database, performing tasks like data retrieval, manipulation, and validation. In Laravel, models are typically represented as classes that extend the
Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model
class. Eloquent ORM, a powerful ActiveRecord implementation, is used for working with database models in a user-friendly manner. - View: The view is responsible for presenting data to the user. It defines how data should be displayed and is generally a combination of HTML, CSS, and template syntax. In Laravel, Blade is the default templating engine used for creating views. Blade provides features like template inheritance, control structures, and includes that make it easier to create dynamic and reusable templates.
- Controller: The controller acts as an intermediary between the model and the view. It receives user requests, processes them, interacts with the model to retrieve or manipulate data, and then passes the data to the appropriate view for rendering. Controllers in Laravel are represented as classes and typically extend the
Illuminate\Routing\Controller
class. They consist of methods (actions) that respond to specific HTTP routes.
Here’s a simplified example of how MVC works in Laravel:
Model:
// app/Models/User.php namespace App\Models; use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model; class User extends Model { // Model logic, relationships, and properties }
View:
<!-- resources/views/users/index.blade.php --> @extends('layouts.app') @section('content') <h1>User List</h1> <ul> @foreach ($users as $user) <li>{{ $user->name }}</li> @endforeach </ul> @endsection
Controller:
// app/Http/Controllers/UserController.php namespace App\Http\Controllers; use App\Models\User; use Illuminate\Http\Request; class UserController extends Controller { public function index() { $users = User::all(); return view('users.index', ['users' => $users]); } }
In this example, the UserController
handles the request to view the list of users. It interacts with the User
model to retrieve user data and passes it to the index
view for rendering. The Blade templating engine is used to generate the HTML output.
By following the MVC pattern, Laravel promotes a clean separation of concerns, making the codebase more maintainable, scalable, and organized.